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Home » Politics » The Cave and the Light: Plato Versus Aristotle, and the Struggle for the Soul of Western Civilization Epub Free

The Cave and the Light: Plato Versus Aristotle, and the Struggle for the Soul of Western Civilization Epub Free

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Tuesday, October 29, 2013

The Cave and the Light: Plato Versus Aristotle, and the Struggle for the Soul of Western Civilization Hardcover

Author: Visit Amazon's Arthur Herman Page | Language: English | ISBN: 0553807307 | Format: PDF, EPUB

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The Cave and the Light: Plato Versus Aristotle, and the Struggle for the Soul of Western Civilization Epub Free
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Herman (How the Scots Invented the Modern World, 2002) boils Western philosophy and culture down to two competing notions: the idealism of Plato and the empiricism of Aristotle. Plato, says Herman, asks, “How do you want your world to be?”; Aristotle, on the other hand, asks, “How do you fit into the world that already exists?” Walking through two and a half millennia of Western thought, Herman emphasizes that the two philosophies—the material and the spiritual aspects of existence—have repeated themselves through Western history, waxing and waning and remaining in tension with each other to the present day. Romanticism? Poetry? Totalitarian dogmatism? That’s Plato. The U.S. Constitution? The Manhattan Project? Modern consumer culture? That’s Aristotle. If it sounds like a sweeping polemic, that’s because it is; Herman seems to revel in overbroad claims, particularly when he’s talking about modern phenomena. Beneath all the broad assertions and polemic showiness, however, lies a serious argument for the primacy of Plato and Aristotle and the essential dynamism of a culture that embraces both philosophies.

Review

Praise for The Cave and the Light
 
“A sweeping intellectual history viewed through two ancient Greek lenses . . . breezy and enthusiastic but resting on a sturdy rock of research.”—Kirkus Reviews
 
“Examining mathematics, politics, theology, and architecture, the book demonstrates the continuing relevance of the ancient world.”—Publishers Weekly
 
“A fabulous way to understand over two millennia of history, all in one book.”—Library Journal
 
“Entertaining and often illuminating.”—The Wall Street Journal
 
Praise for Arthur Herman
 
Gandhi & Churchill
Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize
 
“You finish the book knowing that you can evaluate the world today, particularly modern India, with more knowledge and insight.”—USA Today
 
“Scrupulous, compelling, and unfailingly instructive . . . a detailed and richly filigreed account that introduces the Anglo-American reader to many facts and vivid if little-known personalities, both English and Indian.”—Commentary
 
Freedom’s Forge
 
“A rambunctious book that is itself alive with the animal spirits of the marketplace.”—The Wall Street Journal
 
How the Scots Invented the Modern World
 
“Professor Herman demonstrates an infectious and uplifting passion for his subject. Unlike many academics, he is a natural writer, weaving philosophical concerns seamlessly through a historical narrative that romps along at a cracking pace, producing a text that is highly accessible without compromising the rational quality of his argument.”—The Guardian
See all Editorial Reviews

Direct download links available for The Cave and the Light: Plato Versus Aristotle, and the Struggle for the Soul of Western Civilization Epub Free
  • Hardcover: 704 pages
  • Publisher: Random House; F First Edition edition (October 22, 2013)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0553807307
  • ISBN-13: 978-0553807301
  • Product Dimensions: 9.4 x 6.4 x 1.4 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
In this comprehensive view of the last 2,500 years, Arthur Herman sets out to prove his contention that the history of Western civilisation has been influenced and affected through the centuries by the tension between the worldviews of the two greatest of the Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle. And for this reader at least, his argument is a convincing one.

The book covers so much in terms of both philosophy and history that a full review would run to thousands of words. Happily that's not going to happen here, dear reader. I will simply say that, from knowing virtually nothing about philosophy, I now feel as well informed as if I had done an undergraduate level course in the subject.

Herman starts way back at Socrates and brings us right up to the philosophers of the late twentieth century. He begins by giving a fairly in-depth analysis of the chief insights of both Plato and his former pupil Aristotle, using Plato's metaphor of the cave and the light to show how their views diverged. He shows Plato as the mystic and idealist, believer in the divinity of Pythagorean geometry, advocate of the philosopher king, believing that the route to the light of wisdom is available only to some through contemplation and speculation and that these few should set rules for the rest to follow. Aristotle is shown as the man of science and common sense, believing that there is much to be learned from an examination of life in the cave itself and advocating that all men (sorry, women, you'll have to wait a couple of millennia) should be involved in government with the family at the heart of society.
I regret having to provide a negative review for a book that takes the Ancients seriously, but I do feel some responsibility to put forward a more critical opinion in order to counterbalance the general praise Herman's book has received so far, both in this review section and in the media at large.

Herman proceeds from a delicious but ultimately fraught grand thesis: Plato the idealist and Aristotle the realist have determined the structure of Western Civilization through their diametrically opposed philosophical inquiries. In staking this position, Herman has adopted a rather standard interpretation of the relationship between the two great Greeks in their metaphysical and epistemological studies. Plato, so the story goes, believed in mysterious entities called Forms (Eidos) available only to the intellect and whose presence provides the foundation for all material beings. Aristotle, so the story continues, eschewed the Forms for an empiricism that begins with particular material beings as the most real beings and then proceeds toward generalizations, not unlike the inductive method scientists employ today and whose methodological validity can be traced all the way back to Aristotle himself.

From reading Herman, you would not gather that this strict demarcation between the two philosophers is at best a contentious claim and at worst an outright deception. The last paragraph of Roger Kimball's review in the Wall Street Journal points toward this problem with "The Cave and the Light," but fails to stress just how large a problem it really is. Kimball quotes Book VII of The Republic, a worthy selection, and comments that "Plato isn't the thoroughgoing Platonist he is sometimes taken to be." Right.

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